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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 118(3): 565-575, mar. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364343

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento Pacientes com anemia falciforme (AF) têm risco aumentado de complicações cardiovasculares. O teste ergométrico é usado como marcador de prognóstico em uma série de doenças cardiovasculares. Entretanto, há uma escassez de evidências sobre exercícios em pacientes com AF, especialmente em relação à sua segurança, viabilidade e possível função prognóstica. Objetivos Usamos o teste em esteira máximo para determinar a segurança e a viabilidade do teste ergométrico em pacientes com AF. Além disso, os fatores associados à duração do exercício, bem como o impacto das alterações causadas pelo exercício em resultados clínicos, também foram avaliados. Métodos 113 pacientes com AF que passaram pelo teste ergométrico e por uma avaliação cardiovascular abrangente incluindo um ecocardiograma e os níveis do peptídeo natriurético do tipo B (BNP). O desfecho de longo prazo foi uma combinação de eventos incluindo morte, crises álgicas graves, síndrome torácica aguda ou internações hospitalares por outras complicações associadas â doença falciforme. A análise de regressão de Cox foi realizada para identificar as variáveis associadas ao resultado. Um p valor <0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados A média de idade foi de 36 ± 12 anos (intervalo, 18-65 anos), e 62 pacientes eram do sexo feminino (52%). A presença de alterações isquêmicas ao esforço e resposta pressórica anormal ao exercício foram detectadas em 17% e 9 % da´população estudada respectivamente. Dois pacientes apresentaram crise álgica com necessidade de internação hospitalar no período de 48 horas da realização do exame. Fatores associados à duração do exercício foram idade, sexo, velocidade máxima de regurgitação tricúspide (RT), e relação E/e', após a padronização quanto aos marcadores da gravidade da doença. Durante o período médio de acompanhamento de 10,1 meses (variando de 1,2 a 26), 27 pacientes (23%) apresentaram desfechos clínicos adversos. Preditores independentes de eventos adversos foram a concentração de hemoglobina, velocidade do fluxo transmitral tardio (onda A), e a resposta da PA ao exercício. Conclusões A realização de testes ergométricos em pacientes com AF, clinicamente estáveis, é viável. A duração do exercício estava associada à função diastólica e a pressão arterial pulmonar. A resposta anormal da PA foi um preditor independente de eventos adversos.


Abstract Background Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for cardiovascular complications. Exercise testing is used as a prognostic marker in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a lack of evidence on exercise in SCD patients, particularly regarding its safety, feasibility, and possible prognostic role. Objectives We used the maximal treadmill test to determine safety and feasibility of the exercise testing in SCD patients. Additionally, the factors associated with exercise duration, as well as the impact of exercise-induced changes on clinical outcome, were also assessed. Methods One-hundred thirteen patients with SCD, who underwent exercise testing, were prospectively enrolled. A comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation, including echocardiography and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, were obtained. The long-term outcome was a composite endpoint of death, severe acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, or hospitalization for other SCD-related complications. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with the outcome. A p-value<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The mean age was 36 ± 12 years (range, 18-65 years), and 62 patients were women (52%). Ischemic electrocardiogram and abnormal blood pressure (BP) response to exercise were detected in 17% and 9%, respectively. Two patients experienced pain crises within 48 hours that required hospitalization. Factors associated with exercise duration were age, sex, tricuspid regurgitation (TR) maximal velocity, and E/e' ratio, after adjustment for markers of disease severity. During the mean follow-up of 10.1 months (ranging from 1.2 to 26), the endpoint was reached in 27 patients (23%). Independent predictors of adverse events were hemoglobin concentration, late transmitral flow velocity (A wave), and BP response to exercise. Conclusions Exercise testing in SCD patients who were clinically stable is feasible. Exercise duration was associated with diastolic function and pulmonary artery pressure. Abnormal BP response was an independent predictor of adverse events.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Exercise Test , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Prognosis , Echocardiography , Feasibility Studies , Middle Aged
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 55: e0575, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387530

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Despite substantial progress toward its control, Chagas disease continues to be a major public health problem in Latin America and has become a global health concern. The disease affects approximately 6 million people, of whom 20-40% will develop cardiomyopathy over the years after the initial Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Chagas cardiomyopathy is the most serious and frequent manifestation of Chagas disease. Clinical manifestations vary widely according to the severity of myocardial dysfunction, ranging from asymptomatic to severe forms, including dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure, arrhythmias, thromboembolism events, and sudden death. Chagas disease is a risk factor for stroke regardless of the severity of cardiomyopathy, which is a leading cause of chronic disability. Classically, stroke etiology in patients with Chagas disease is thought to be cardioembolic and related to apical aneurysm, mural thrombus, and atrial arrhythmias. Although most strokes are thromboembolic, other etiologies have been observed. Small vessel disease, atherosclerosis, and cryptogenic diseases have been reported in patients with Chagas disease and stroke. The potential mechanisms involved in non-embolic strokes include the presence of associated risk factors, pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic disease states, and endothelial dysfunction. However, the contribution of each mechanism to stroke in Chagas disease remains unclear. The review aims to provide an overview of stroke in Chagas disease, highlighting the main pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation, approaches for prevention, and unanswered questions regarding treatment strategies.

3.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 27: [1-6], jan.-dez. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-980547

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Após mais de 30 anos da epidemia e apesar de grandes conquistas, o impacto da infecção HIV/Aids representa ainda grande problema em todo o mundo, permanecendo como um desafio a ser vencido. Método: Trata-se estudo de coorte que avalia a efetividade da terapia antirretroviral (TARV) no primeiro ano de sua introdução. Analisou-se apenas efetividade através da quantificação da carga viral (CV) 48 semanas após o início. Trocas relacionadas à intolerância e evento adverso não foram consideradas falha terapêutica. O estudo foi conduzido no Serviço de Referência em Doenças Infecto-parasitárias (CTR/DIP) Orestes Diniz, em Belo Horizonte, MG, entre outubro de 2010 e janeiro de 2013. Foram incluídos 182 pacientes que preencheram os critérios inclusão. Resultados: Houve predomínio do sexo masculino, maioria abaixo 50 anos. Encontrou-se elevada prevalência de grupos de maior vulnerabilidade para exposição ao HIV, como homens que fazem sexo com homens, que representavam 43,4% da amostra do estudo. A efetividade geral, avaliada através da proporção de CV < limite de detecção, foi 91% (166/182). Análises univariada e multivariada não encontraram associação entre variáveis estudadas e a efetividade do tratamento. Conclusão: Observou-se alta taxa sucesso terapêutico avaliado através da CV, entretanto o grande desafio é a manutenção dos indivíduos no cuidado e adesão ao tratamento. Destaca-se também menor percentual de início tardio da TARV em relação outros estudos brasileiros, entretanto, ainda elevado em relação aos países desenvolvidos. Apesar disso, as respostas imunovirológicas foram superiores às descritas pelo Ministério da Saúde e alguns estudos de eficácia. (AU)


Introduction: After more than 30 years of epidemic and despite all achievements, HIV infection represents healthy problem that still has to be faced. Methods: It is cohort study that analyzes the efficacy of TARV after a year of use. It has studied the effectiveness through the quantification of viral load (VL) change after 48 weeks of use. The changes related to intolerance or adverse effects were not considered as therapeutic failure. The study was conduced in outpatient clinic in Belo Horizonte, MG. It was include 182 patients with HIV that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: There were found 91% of efficacy. There were more male patients, and the majority was younger than 50 years. The vulnerable group, like men who have sex with men, was the majority (43.4%). Conclusion: There was a high rate of therapeutic success assessed by VL. However, the biggest challenge is the maintenance of the patients in the treatment. This study also highlights the lower percentage of late onset of TARV compared with other Brazilian studies. Unfortunately, our percentage is s higher compared with develop countries. Despite of that, immune and viral response in this study was higher than the values described by Ministry of Health. It is important to remember that our study did not considered the change of initial antiretroviral treatment due intolerance or toxicity as a failed and that could had increased the success rate of this cohort. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , HIV , Viral Load , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Risk Factors , HIV/drug effects , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data
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